In eukaryotic cells DNA-damage checkpoints sense the physical state of the genome and coordinate the orderly progression of the cell cycle with the completion of critical events such as DNA replication and repair ( Shiloh, 2003 Kastan and Bartek, 2004). We propose that atl-1 and rad-5/clk-2 respond to single-stranded DNA generated by replication stress and function with atm-1 following DSB resection. Thus, DNA processing controlled by mre-11 is important for ATL-1 activation at DSBs but not following replication fork stalling. However, mre-11 is required for RPA-1 association and ATL-1 recruitment to DSBs. In contrast, mre-11 and atm-1 are dispensable for ATL-1 recruitment to stalled replication forks. ATL-1 is recruited to stalled replication forks by RPA-1 and functions upstream of rad-5/clk-2 in the S-phase checkpoint. Here, we show that atl-1 ( Caenorhabditis elegans ATR) and rad-5/clk-2 prevent mitotic catastrophe, function in the S-phase checkpoint and also cooperate with atm-1 in the checkpoint response to DSBs after ionizing radiation (IR) to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis via the cep-1(p53)/ egl-1 pathway. ATR primarily responds to UV damage and replication stress, yet may also function with ATM in the checkpoint response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), although this is less clear. ATM and ATR are key components of the DNA damage checkpoint.
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Now he's a generic leather bound gimp who just happens to use ninja weapons), Ryu Hayabusa to save New York and show Garuda not to mess with a BLUE CLAD NINJA! An evil bad guy named Emperor Garuda(Gulf in the PAL version) is attacking New York(like every douche in history) and it's up to the ninja who's so bad ass he wears a blue ninja outfit(At least he used too be bad ass and in blue. The game is based 3 years before the NES version(supposedly) in the year 1985(props to the year of my birth) in New York City, U.S.A. an HOUR! So enjoy this retro review and hopefully I'll be able to do more in the future. I haven't done a retro review in a LONG time, mainly due to the fact that I don't too have many old games and I've been concentrating on new release and articles. The goal of this study is to reconstruct the images which the Venetian and Ragusan republic created of each other during the early modern period. A close reading of a case from the Veneto-Ottoman frontier in Dalmatia demonstrates that just as the protection of wives and daughters was an essential measure of the honor of a family’s men, so too, the honor of the state, its institutions, and its rulers was uniquely bound to the defense of the faith and virtue of its female subjects. As a result, rulers responded to such threats institutionally in a much more determined fashion, in order to defend the woman’s virtue and the honor of her family, but also to preserve the reputation of the state and the honor of its male rulers. Both Ottoman and Venetian ruling elites attributed particular significance to female spiritual peril, partly because of cultural assumptions about women’s weakness and lack of spiritual fortitude, but also because of the sexual peril that was assumed to accompany conversion. The conversion of women, however, and particularly women of status, elicited a more significant reaction. Conversion was a common phenomenon in the early modern Mediterranean, and in most instances, individual apostasies from Islam or Christianity warranted minimal response. 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Similar situation: 'If it's not a BGA chip, you should be able to replace with Core i5-560M, i5-580M, or i7-640M CPUs. Processor: i5-450M (2.40GHz, socket 989 rPGA)Ĭhipset: Intel HM55 (or the Intel 5 series)Īfter research more deeply, I have found this link: The question is still what is the highest processor I can possibly upgrade to. I posted a similar question about upgrading my cpu, however, I have done futher research and wanted to start clean again. |
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